Exploring the Efficacy of Sulphonamide in Novel Therapeutic Approaches: New Hope

Abstract

Sulphonamides are widely used in medicine for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and carbonic anhydrase-inhibiting properties. They can block protein and nucleic acid production in bacteria. Adding aromatic heterocycles like benzotriazole and benzimidazole to sulphonamides can enhance their antibacterial potency. Fluoro- and chloro-substituted benzyl groups have also been added to improve pharmacological properties. Sulphonamides can react with and ketones to form Schiff bases, which have antimicrobial and antimycotic properties. It has applications as an antimicrobial agent, hypoglycemic agent, diuretic, and more. The therapeutic actions of sulphonamides involve inhibiting enzymes like carbonic anhydrases, cyclooxygenases, and dihydropteroate synthetase. This allows them to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, aldehydes, antiprotozoal and other effects. Sulphonamides like acetazolamide, celecoxib, zonisamide, and benzolamide have wide clinical applications as diuretics, anticancer agents, antiepileptics, anti-inflammatories, and more. Research is ongoing into synthesizing new sulphonamide derivatives with improved efficacy, potency, and safety profiles for treating various diseases.